What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure, a hypocarpium, that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). The largest cashew tree in the world covers an area around 7,500 m 2 (81,000 sq ft) and is located in Natal, Brazil. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm (10 in) long each flower is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7–15 millimetres ( 1⁄ 4– 5⁄ 8 in) long.
The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4–22 centimetres ( 1 + 1⁄ 2– 8 + 3⁄ 4 inches) long and 2–15 cm ( 3⁄ 4–6 in) broad, with smooth margins. The cashew tree is large and evergreen, growing to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with a short, often irregularly shaped trunk. The cashew apple is a light reddish to yellow fruit, whose pulp and juice can be processed into a sweet, astringent fruit drink or fermented and distilled into liquor. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, starting in World War II, arms production. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. In 2019, four million tonnes of cashew nuts were produced globally, with Ivory Coast and India as the leading producers. Cashew allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. Like the tree, the nut is often simply called a cashew. The cashew seed is commonly considered a snack nut ( cashew nut) eaten on its own, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. The tree can grow as tall as 14 metres (46 feet), but the dwarf cultivars, growing up to 6 m (20 ft), prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields.
The cashew tree ( Anacardium occidentale) is a tropical evergreen tree native to South America in the genus Anacardium that produces the cashew seed and the cashew apple accessory fruit.
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